Plasma Exchange for Alveolar Hemorrhage in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitis: Reframing the Evidence Through Bayesian Analysis

For the clinician managing a patient with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) and worsening diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH), the decision to initiate plasma exchange (PLEX) remains one of the most consequential and least supported in the field. This presentation has a high early mortality especially when there is hypoxia or a requirement for mechanical ventilation.