Posterior self-expanding stand-alone cage: outcomes in degenerative disc disease.

Degenerative disc disease (DDD) and lumbar facet joint pathology are leading causes of chronic back pain, predominantly affecting older adults due to cumulative spinal degeneration. Lumbar spondylosis, a key manifestation of DDD, contributes to mechanical instability, radiculopathy, and neurogenic claudication, significantly impairing mobility and quality of life.