Role of the circadian rhythm in squamous cell carcinoma: From molecular mechanism to therapy (Review)

Squamous cell carcinoma (Scc) comprises a heterogeneous group of malignancies with distinct molecular characteristics, clinical behavior and therapeutic responses, highlighting the need for personalized treatment strategies.circadian rhythms regulate fundamental physiological processes, including cell proliferation, metabolism, dna repair and immune function, and emerging evidence suggests that circadian regulation may influence pathways relevant to Scc biology and treatment response.This review summarizes current knowledge on the role of circadian regulation in Scc, with particular emphasis on lung Scc, focusing on core clock genes, their interactions with oncogenic and immune-related pathways, and their therapeutic implications.We discuss current evidence supporting chronotherapy as a potential component of personalized Scc treatment while addressing important limitations, including the predominance of preclinical studies, limited SCC-specific clinical evidence and extrapolation from other tumor types.Finally, we outline key research priorities for translating circadian biology into clinical Scc management.Contents 1. introduction 2. System of the circadian clock 3. role of BMal1 in cancer 4. role of Per1-3 in cancer 5. role of reV-erBα/β in cancer 6. circadian clock in Scc 7. circadian clock in cancer therapy 8. chronotherapy in cancer treatment 9. limitations and research strategies 10. conclusion