The Hubble Tension Resolved by the DESI Baryon Acoustic Oscillations Measurements

Abstract The Lambda cold dark matter (ΛCDM) cosmological model provides a good description of a wide range of astrophysical and cosmological observations. However, severe challenges to the phenomenological ΛCDM model have emerged recently, including the Hubble constant tension and the significant deviation from the ΛCDM model reported by the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) collaboration. Despite many explanations for the two challenges having been proposed, their origins are still intriguing mysteries. Here, we investigate the DESI baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements to interpret the Hubble constant tension. Employing a nonparametric method, we find that the dark energy equation of state w ( z ) evolves with redshift from DESI BAO data and Type Ia supernovae. From the Friedmann equations, the Hubble constant ( H 0 ) is derived from w ( z ) model-independently. We find that the values of H 0 show a descending trend as a function of redshift, and can effectively resolve the Hubble constant tension. Our study finds that the two unexpected challenges to the ΛCDM model can be understood in one physical framework, e.g., dynamical dark energy.