Multi-objective electric vehicle cold chain logistics location-routing problem with charging-stations

This study focuses on an Electric Vehicle (EV) cold chain logistics location-routing problem with charging-stations that aims at optimizing the location of depots, the delivery routing of EVs, the time planning for visiting all customers and the location of charging-stations. To tackle this problem, a multi-objective optimization model is established to minimize cold chain logistics cost, and at the same time maximize cold chain logistics network efficiency. An integrated algorithm that combines an Improved Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm (IAFSA) and a Label-based Charging-station Optimization Algorithm (LCOA) is used to solve the proposed model. Extensive computational experiments are conducted to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed model, and show the efficiency of the developed algorithm. Moreover, the effects of battery driving range and traveling speed on the results are explored through the sensitivity analysis that provides decision supports for logistics enterprises to operate an EV cold chain logistics network. First published online 31 July 2026