Effect of Fishbone Ash on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Artificial Teeth

The increasing demand for cost-effective and environmentally sustainable materials in dental restorations has prompted the exploration of biowaste-derived materials. This research investigates the application of fishbone ash (FBA), a byproduct of the fish processing sector, as an additive in the production of artificial teeth. FBA was included into a kaolin, quartz matrix with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a binder to evaluate its effects on the physical and mechanical qualities of dental composites. This research highlights the potential of fishbone ash as a sustainable resource in the creation of new dental materials, facilitating the progress of environmentally friendly and high-performance dental applications. Various concentrations of FBA (0-25 wt%) were assessed in parameters such as firing shrinkage, bulk density, porosity, water absorption, hardness, compressive strength, and diametral tensile strength. Chemical stability assessments were conducted in alkaline (25% NaOH), acidic (25% HCl), and neutral (distilled water) conditions to simulate oral environments. The results indicate that an increase in the quantity of FBA within the material enhances its performance. The tensile strength increased from 19.5 MPa at 0% to 29 MPa with 25% FBA. At 25% FBA, the compressive strength, hardness, and density measured 338.3 MPa, 574 HV, and 2.65 g/cm³, respectively. The porosity and water absorption were reduced to 0.05%. The results indicate that increasing the amount of FBA enhances the mechanical and physical properties of the material. This research highlights the potential of fishbone ash as a sustainable resource in the creation of new dental materials, facilitating the progress of environmentally friendly and high-performance dental applications.