Geo-Fencing Based Cattle Monitoring System Using LoRa

The current research work proposes a geo-fencing-based cattle monitoring system that uses LoRa (Long-Range) technology for livestock tracking and boundary monitoring in smart agriculture applications. In the proposed monitoring system, RSSI is used to calculate the distance from the base station to the cattle collar unit. Based on the distance from the base station, the movement of the cattle is categorized as falling within the safe, warning, and critical zone regions. In the proposed geo-fencing-based monitoring system, ESP32 microcontroller, LoRa communication module, GPS, GSM, and buzzer are used to provide effective long-range communication and real-time alerting capabilities. In order to conserve energy, the GPS sensor remains off except when there is a need to determine whether the cattle have moved out of the specified geo-fencing region. Experimental testing revealed that the proposed monitoring system can communicate effectively up to 1 km range while ensuring low packet losses and power efficiency with about 93% geo-fencing accuracy. About 35% of battery-saving efficiency was achieved due to conditional GPS operation.