Endophytic Bacteria from Rambutan Plants for Bioethanol Production

Lignocellulose is an abundant waste material that offers benefits to humans by reducing dependence on fossil fuels. This literature review aims to determine whether endophytic bacteria on rambutan bark have the potential to degrade lignocellulose and to investigate the use of the resulting lignocellulose degradation products as feedstock for bioethanol production. The review process began with the selection of 200 articles on the isolation of endophytic bacteria from rambutan plants, endophytic bacterial enzymes, and the application of degradation products for bioethanol production, using the Publish or Perish application, version 8.18.5252.9447. The review process continued with a stepwise screening to exclude articles that did not meet the relevant criteria. The review results indicate that endophytic bacteria Bacillus sp. and Staphylococcus sp. are found in the bark of rambutan plants have a potential to degrade lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose due to the presence of enzymes for each component of Lignocellulose materials, LiP for Lignin, Endoglucanase and Exoglucanase for the cellulose, and Mannase, Mannosidase as well as Xylanase and Xylobiose for the hemicellulose. The materials used for the degradation process is cellulose that has been converted into fermentable sugars which is useful for bioethanol production.