Synergistic applications of artificial intelligence and organoid technology in gastric precancerous lesion research: Mechanisms, translation, and challenges

Gastric precancerous lesions (GPLs) are critical stages in gastric carcinogenesis, where early and precise identification and intervention are pivotal for improving patient prognosis. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and organoid technology have revolutionized GPL research, with their synergistic applications progressively overcoming limitations of traditional methodologies. This review systematically summarizes the latest progress in AI and organoid technology for GPLs, focusing on mechanistic exploration, diagnostic optimization, and therapeutic innovation. We highlight how AI enhances diagnostic accuracy in endoscopy and pathology, while organoids provide unparalleled models for studying disease progression and drug screening. Critically, we discuss the pioneering integration of both technologies, wherein AI analyzes dynamic organoid phenotypes and fuses multimodal data for risk prediction. Current challenges hindering clinical translation, such as data standardization and model interpretability, are critically examined. We conclude that the future of GPL management lies in harnessing this synergy through interdisciplinary collaboration, which is poised to bridge the bench-to-bedside gap and usher in a new paradigm of mechanism-based precision prevention for gastric cancer.