Predicting soil-water characteristic curve evolution using pore-scale modelling approach

Soils in construction are difficult to predict due to their deformability and complex composition. In unsaturated states, suction from air–water interfaces controls hydro-mechanical behavior by influencing interparticle forces. Environmental changes modify suction and cause shrinkage or expansion. The soil-water characteristic curve links suction and saturation, improving constitutive models and enabling better prediction of soil response under varying conditions.