Influence of decade temperatures of the spring season on the phenological shifts of Betula pendula Roth. and Tilia cordata Mill. in the conditions of the urbanoecosystem (using the example of Voronezh city)

The article presents the results of research on the influence of springtime temperature changes on the phenological rhythms of tree species using the example of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) and small-leafed linden (Tilia cordata Mill.) in the urbanized environment of the city of Voronezh. Based on 4-year (2021-2024) phenological observations at eight model sites, a trend towards shifting the onset of key phases (leaf emergence, flowering) to earlier dates has been revealed. Using correlation analysis (Pearson's method), a strong negative relationship was established between the average monthly and decade-level air temperatures of the spring months and the onset of phenophases. The temperatures of the third decade of March and the first-third decade of April have the most significant impact on the phenology of the studied species. The results confirm the high indicator role of phenological observations in assessing climate change and can be used to adapt urban landscaping strategies.