Jonathan Davies, Liam V Brown, Mark W Jones, Mark Penney, Gibin Powathil
T-cell engagers (TCEs) are immunotherapeutic drugs that are gaining interest and momentum in oncology, and since 2022, they have been increasingly approved for clinical use. However, there are still many issues and unknowns relating to their pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and adverse side effects. Mathematical models are in the perfect position to improve understanding of these key issues, expand on, and optimize currently approved TCEs. This paper will review the relevant biology behind TCEs, such as the mechanisms behind the antitumor response, the molecular biology of TCE construction, and their use in clinical settings. Then, the review will move to discuss TCE mathematical modeling, key methods, and conclusions to date.