Characteristics of Cancer-Associated Thrombosis Based on Changes in Clinically Measurable Coagulation Factors and Coagulation/Fibrinolysis Markers in Patients with Cancer: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study.

OBJECTIVES: This exploratory, cross-sectional study aimed to examine the association between coagulation factor activity and coagulation/fibrinolysis markers and the presence of cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT). METHODS: Patients diagnosed with cancer complicated by thrombosis and those without thrombosis between November 1, 2020, and December 31, 2022 were included. The clinical characteristics and values of each coagulation factor and coagulation/fibrinolysis marker in the CAT and non-CAT groups were compared. RESULTS: Of the 117 patients analyzed, 22 (18.8%) had CAT and 95 (81.2%) did not have CAT. Fibrinogen/fibrin degradation product (FDP), D-dimer, alpha2-plasmin inhibitor-plasmin complex (PIC), fibrin monomer complex (FMC), thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), and soluble fibrin (SF) levels were significantly higher in the CAT group than that in the non-CAT group. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed, and the proportions of patients with CAT were 7.9% when the number of factors with a value higher than the cutoff was 0 among the 6 factors of FDP, D-dimer, PIC, FMC, TAT, and SF levels; 17.1% for factors 1-3 and 31.6% for factors 4-6. CONCLUSIONS: When hypercoagulability and hyperfibrinolysis coexist in patients with cancer, CAT is likely to be present, and it is necessary to confirm the presence of CAT at an early stage.