Tsunami Early Warning Systems: Enhancing Coastal Resilience Through Integrated Risk Management

Tsunamis are among the most destructive natural hazards, posing severe risks to coastal communities and infrastructure. Effective flood risk management (FRM) for these extreme events requires robust and well-integrated early warning systems (TEWSs). This paper explores the fundamental principles and technologies underlying tsunami TEWS, emphasizing their critical role within the broader context of FRM. It examines how modern systems integrate seismic sensor networks, wave detection buoys, and satellite monitoring to provide rapid and accurate alerts. Technical and logistical challenges are discussed, including the need for precise propagation models and real-time data integration to minimize false alarms and improve system efficiency. Case studies, such as the Pacific Tsunami Warning System (PTWS) and the Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System (IOTWS), are presented to evaluate lessons learned and areas for improvement. Finally, this paper argues that to be truly effective, TEWS must be complemented by coastal resilience strategies, community engagement, and strong public policies that promote preparedness and adaptation to future events. This comprehensive approach not only enhances response capabilities but also significantly reduces the risk of human and economic losses in the world’s most vulnerable regions.