Optimization of the Fe0/H2O2/UV Photo-Fenton Process for Real Textile Wastewater via Response Surface Methodology

The textile industry releases effluents containing toxic contaminants such as azo dyes, which severely affect water quality and aquatic ecosystems. This study optimized the Fe0/H2O2/UV photo-Fenton process through Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using a Box–Behnken design applied to real textile wastewater. The process relies on in situ hydroxyl radicals (•OH) generation, which degrades refractory organic compounds. Under optimal conditions (pH 3.5, 0.5 g Fe0, and 0.55 mL H2O2), the system achieved complete color removal, 91% aromatic structures degradation, and an 80% COD reduction within 3 h. Statistical validation indicated an excellent model fit (R2 = 1.0; Q2 = 1.0), with strong correlation between experimental and predicted results. Spectroscopic analyses (UV–Vis and FTIR) further confirmed the cleavage of chromophoric and aromatic structures, indicating efficient pollutant degradation. Overall, the findings indicate that the Fe0/H2O2/UV system is an effective and sustainable technology for treating textile wastewater, offering strong potential for industrial-scale application.