Animal Trauma Triage (ATT) Score and Clinical Determinants of Survival in Dogs and Cats with Traumatic Injuries in Thailand

Trauma is a major cause of emergency presentation in small animal practice, and accurate early assessment is essential for prognosis. The Animal Trauma Triage (ATT) score is widely applied in Western veterinary settings but has been less frequently evaluated in Asian veterinary institutions. This prospective observational study assessed the prognostic value of the ATT score and of relevant clinical variables in 184 dogs and cats presenting with traumatic injuries to a university veterinary teaching hospital in Thailand. ATT scores, clinicopathological parameters, and management variables were analyzed in relation to survival outcome. The overall mortality rate was 35.3%. Higher ATT scores, lower blood pH, lower ionized calcium concentrations, and increasing age were independently associated with non-survival (p < 0.05). An ATT score ≥ 5 was associated with increased odds of non-survival (OR = 4.207, 95% CI: 1.903–9.301), yielding a sensitivity of 86.2% and specificity of 40.3% for identifying high-risk patients. Among animals with documented surgical indications, those that did not undergo surgery demonstrated higher mortality than those receiving surgical intervention; however, this finding should be interpreted cautiously because treatment allocation was influenced by clinical stability and owner-related factors. These results demonstrate the clinical usefulness of the ATT score as a triage instrument when interpreted in context with clinical laboratory parameters, age, and treatment responses.