Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli: Advances in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Control

(APEC). APEC affects birds of all ages and leads to severe lesions in multiple organ systems, including the respiratory, digestive, and reproductive tracts. The disease imposes a substantial economic burden on poultry production due to increased mortality and decreased meat and egg production associated with the disease. Moreover, there is growing concern about the potential transmission of APEC to humans via contaminated poultry products, where it may cause extraintestinal infections. Given these implications for both animal welfare and public health, a thorough understanding of the pathogen is essential for developing effective control strategies. This review seeks to discuss the major facets of colibacillosis and outlines key considerations for advancing its diagnosis and effective management.