Agrobiotechnological Potential of Pleurotus ostreatus from an Ecological–Socioeconomic Perspective in Mexico

Pleurotus ostreatus, commonly known as the oyster mushroom, is increasingly recognized as a key agrobiotechnological resource within sustainable development frameworks due to its ecological adaptability, rich nutritional profile, and broad socioeconomic contributions. This review integrates agroecological, socioeconomic, and biotechnological dimensions to examine its taxonomic identity, resilience to diverse environmental conditions, and efficiency in organic waste bioconversion. The species plays a critical role in circular bioeconomy strategies by advancing environmental sustainability, improving food and nutrition security, and supporting rural livelihoods through accessible, low-cost cultivation practices. Additionally, P. ostreatus demonstrates significant nutraceutical and pharmacological properties, making it a promising candidate for innovative biotechnological applications. Drawing on global and local case studies, this review highlights the species’ capacity to strengthen resilient agroecological systems and inclusive approaches to public health and livelihoods. Promoting its cultivation further enhances community well-being by generating equitable economic opportunities, empowering small-scale producers, and fostering social cohesion through sustainable food networks and shared resource systems. According to Mexico’s agroecological conditions, P. ostreatus represents a potential alternative to generate socioeconomic and nutritional benefits for the population at large.