Variations in Quantitative Composition of Phenolic Compounds in Flowers, Leaves, and Fruits of Mespilus germanica L. During Harvesting Period

The medlar (Mespilus germanica) is a deciduous tree that belongs to the Rosaceae family. This plant has been valued throughout history for its culinary uses and medicinal applications. Medlar fruit contains a high amount of vitamin C, carbohydrates, and pectin, making it a valuable remedy for treating scurvy. In folk medicine, medlar is used to treat constipation and other digestive issues. This study investigates the quantitative composition and seasonal variation in phenolic compounds in flowers, leaves, and fruits of Mespilus germanica L. using high performance liquid chromatography, as well as total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. The predominant class of phenolics in flowers were flavonols, with 52.5% of the total phenolic content. On the other hand, dominant phenolics in fruits were flavan-3-ols, with procyanidin B2 and epicatechin being most abundant, whereas in leaves, hydroxycinnamic acids were the most prevalent phenolic compounds. Seasonal variations were noted for analyzed compounds in various plant parts. This study highlights significant changes in the phenolic profile of M. germanica during various harvesting periods and suggests that both fruits and leaves are rich sources of bioactive compounds. However, its nutraceutical potential might depend on harvesting time.