Hamed Taherdoost
The nascent quantum computing brings unprecedented threats to the security roots of blockchain technology, potentially compromising cryptographic protocols securing decentralized systems. This review paper discusses the developing quantum threat scenario, focusing on the effect of quantum algorithms on traditional cryptographic systems. We critically examine current blockchain architectures, highlighting their vulnerabilities in a post-quantum future. The paper explores newer quantum-resistant cryptographic and modular architectural techniques to enhance blockchain resilience. This review supports comprehensive comprehension of cutting-edge strategies and research gaps by combining the literature addressing quantum threat modeling and post-quantum cryptography in decentralized systems.