Phenology of Lippia lasiocalycina Cham.: A Wild Medicinal Species Native to Brazil.

Lippia lasiocalycina Cham. is a wild medicinal species native to Brazil, belonging to the Lamiaceae family, with bioactive potential in its essential oils. However, it remains poorly studied, especially in the fields of conservation and domestication. Phenological studies enable the understanding of relationships between abiotic factors and plant developmental stages, supporting cultivation strategies. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of seasonality on the phenology of Lippia lasiocalycina under the environmental conditions of Feira de Santana, Bahia. The species was propagated and cultivated under field conditions, and phenological data were collected biweekly over 12 months to assess the intensity and synchrony of phenophases. Climatic variables were obtained from specialized sources and correlated with phenological events, including circular statistical analysis. The species showed high phenological synchrony, with continuous budburst and mature leaves throughout the year, indicating potential for year-round exploitation. Fruiting, however, exhibited seasonal behavior and a negative correlation with precipitation. Leaf fall was negatively correlated with precipitation and humidity, and positively associated with radiation, temperature, and photoperiod, while senescence showed the opposite trend. These results contribute to the development of cultivation strategies and to defining optimal periods for management and harvesting.