Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles From Various Leaves Extract: Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Antibacterial Activities and Inhibitory Effect on Glutathione S-Transferase.

Nanoparticles have attracted considerable attention due to their high surface area-to-volume ratio, tunable size, unique physicochemical properties, and, depending on their composition, favorable electrical, photocatalytic, and biocompatible characteristics. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared using a green synthesis approach employing the leaf extracts of Cydonia oblonga, Actinidia deliciosa, Prunus spinosa, and Prunus laurocerasus. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, and SEM-EDX. Furthermore, the potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and GST inhibitory activities of these AgNPs were assessed. Among all prepared nanomaterials, AgNPs produced using C. oblonga leaf extract (AgNP-1) displayed the highest antioxidant capacity (IC50 = 4.14 ± 0.04 μg/mL) and outstanding anti-inflammatory effects (98.48%). Additionally, AgNP-1 showed the strongest GST inhibition activity (IC50 = 1.306 ± 0.12 mg/mL). Conversely, AgNPs produced using P. laurocerasus leaf extract (AgNP-4) exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity, displaying MIC values ranging from 39 to 78 μg/mL against different bacterial species, and the greatest GST inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.965 ± 0.02 mg/mL). Moreover, molecular docking studies showed that the phenolic hydroxyl functional groups of the metabolites found in the plant extracts exhibited strong interaction with the GST active site through conventional hydrogen bond formation, electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic interactions, and metal acceptor interactions, whereas AgNPs interacted with GST primarily through metal acceptor interactions. Therefore, the current study revealed that plant-mediated, biologically synthesized AgNPs exhibit promising biomedical properties and may serve as potential candidates for the development of antimicrobial agents, anti-inflammatory agents, antioxidants, and enzyme inhibitors because of their significant antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and GST-inhibitory effects.