Epidemiological Characteristics of Dengue Disease in Mexico (2014–2025): A Descriptive Analysis of a Hyperendemic Country

Dengue is considered the most prevalent mosquito-borne arboviral disease worldwide, representing a public health challenge as its incidence has tripled in the last 30 years. The World Health Organization reports 390 million infections annually in more than 129 countries, with approximately 96 million symptomatic cases and around 40,000 deaths. Mexico is a hyperendemic country, with high prevalence and significant outbreaks. In 2024, a surge was observed, with approximately 125,000 infections and nearly 480 deaths. The states with the most cases and deaths were Colima and Jalisco, respectively, placing significant strain on healthcare services and driving up costs. The disease's epidemiology from 2014 to 2025 is characterized by marked seasonality and periodicity, and by the simultaneous circulation of all four serotypes. In recent years, a notable increase in DENV-3 has been observed. In 2025, there were 21,981 confirmed cases; Sonora recorded the highest incidence, while Jalisco and Sinaloa reported the highest number of deaths. This study provides a unique decadal analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of dengue in Mexico, highlighting potential challenges and emphasizing the importance of epidemiological surveillance and future approaches, such as vaccine provision in the country, to mitigate the high mortality rate and associated costs.