Graphene-, Transition Metal Dichalcogenide-, and MXenes Material-Based Flexible Optoelectronic Devices

Characterized by their atomic thickness and exceptional mechanical properties, two-dimensional (2D) materials offer a compelling platform for developing flexible optoelectronic devices that maintain performance stability under mechanical deformation such as bending and stretching. This review systematically summarizes and critically discusses the recent advancements in applying three prominent 2D material categories—graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs, e.g., MoS2 and WS2), and MXenes—in flexible optoelectronics. We focus on their specific applications in flexible photodetectors, light-emitting devices, optical modulators, solar cells, and gas sensors. A particular emphasis is placed on analyzing the unique physicochemical properties of these materials and elucidating the underlying mechanisms that enable bandgap stability and efficient optoelectronic conversion under mechanical strain. The potential of these devices demonstrated here underscores their broad application prospects in wearable systems and self-powered electronic platforms. Finally, we conclude by discussing the challenges and future prospects in the field of flexible optoelectronic devices based on two-dimensional materials.