Heyi Wei, Yang Zou, Xuecheng Qu, Xi Cui, Z. L. Li
Nanomaterials have emerged as a pivotal driving force in the field of biomedicine due to their unique physicochemical properties. This article systematically reviews the design, synthesis, and characterization of novel nanomaterials, with a focus on their application advances in three key areas: targeted drug delivery, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, and disease diagnosis and sensing. In drug delivery, nanocarriers enable precise drug targeting and controlled release through surface functionalization and stimuli-responsive design. In tissue engineering, nanocomposite scaffolds mimic the structure and function of the natural extracellular matrix, providing an ideal microenvironment for tissue repair. In disease diagnosis, nanomaterials significantly enhance the sensitivity and specificity of biosensors, promoting the development of real-time, non-invasive, and ultra-early detection technologies. The article further summarizes current challenges in the clinical translation of nanomedicine and envisions its future trends toward intelligence, personalization, and the integration of diagnosis and therapy.