Advances in Impedimetric Biosensors: Current Applications and Future Directions

Impedimetric biosensors have emerged as a versatile class of electrochemical devices, enabling highly sensitive and real-time detection of diverse analytes. Their applications extend across healthcare diagnostics, environmental monitoring, food safety, and agriculture. By virtue of their compact size, high sensitivity, selectivity, portability, and ease of operation, these sensors have advanced rapidly in both research and practical applications. This review consolidates the wide spectrum of current applications and technological advances reported in the literature. Additionally, it examines the prospects of integrating impedimetric biosensors with emerging technology fields, including artificial intelligence, machine learning, and flexible and wearable devices. By providing an overview of the different categories of impedimetric biosensors, their detection strategies, sensing modalities, and applications, this review presents a comprehensive perspective on the current progress and future opportunities in impedimetric biosensing.