Artificial Intelligence and the Emergence of New Quality Productive Forces: A Machine Learning Perspective

In the era of the digital economy, AI technology is regarded as a key driver in promoting the development of new quality productive forces of enterprises. Based on the theories of creative destruction and resource allocation, this study selects Chinese enterprise-level data from 2009 to 2022 as the research sample, constructs enterprise new quality productivity indicators through text analysis and machine learning methods, and explores the impact of artificial intelligence on new quality productivity. The study results show that AI technology significantly improves the new quality productivity of enterprises. Further research found that enterprise director background, digital industry agglomeration and financial agglomeration positively moderated the relationship between AI and new quality productivity. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the enabling effect of AI technology on new quality productivity is more significant in high-tech enterprises, state-owned enterprises and enterprises with strong policy support. Through empirical analysis, this study verifies the facilitating effect of AI technological innovation on enterprises’ new quality productivity, which provides important insights for enterprises in emerging economies to achieve the development of new quality productive forces in digital transformation.