Hybrid Microgrid Power Management via a CNN–LSTM Centralized Controller Tuned with Imperialist Competitive Algorithm

Hybrid microgrids struggle to manage electricity due to renewable source, storage, and load demand variability. This paper proposes a centralized controller employing hybrid deep learning and evolutionary optimization to overcome these issues. Solar panels, BESS, EVs, dynamic loads, steady loads, and a switching main grid make up the hybrid microgrid. To capture spatial and temporal patterns, a centralized controller uses a deep learning model with a CNN–LSTM architecture. The imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) optimizes neural network hyperparameters for more accurate controller outputs. The controller controls grid switching, voltage source converter power, and EV reference current. R2 values of 0.9602, 0.9512, and 0.9618 show reliable controller output predictions. A typical test case, low sunshine, and no EV or BESS initial charging are validation situations. Its constant power flow, uncertainty management, and adaptability make this controller better than others. Even with intermittent energy and limited storage capacity, the ICA-optimized hybrid deep learning controller stabilized smart-grids.