Comparison of the Effect of Pyridostigmine and Sugammadex on Emergence Delirium in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Strabismus Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Emergence delirium (ED) is a common complication in pediatric patients following general anesthesia. Reduced cholinergic neurotransmission is closely associated with cognitive impairment and an increased risk of delirium. This study aimed to compare the effects of a cholinesterase inhibitor versus sugammadex-used as neuromuscular blockade reversal agents-on the incidence of ED following pediatric strabismus surgery. Methods: Seventy-six patients, aged 4-7 years, were enrolled and randomly allocated to either the pyridostigmine group (Group P) or the sugammadex group (Group S). The dose of each agent was determined according to the train-of-four count or ratio. The Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale was assessed at 15-min intervals in the post-anesthesia care unit until the score fell below 10. ED was defined as a PAED score ≥ 10. Results: Of the 73 patients who completed the study, 36 were in Group P, and 37 were in Group S. The incidence of ED was 50.0% in Group P and 40.5% in Group S (odds ratio = 0.682; 95% confidence interval = 0.270-1.721; p = 0.417). The peak PAED scores were 10.0 (7.0, 15.5) in Group P and 9.0 (7.5, 11.5) in Group S (median [interquartile range]; p = 0.277). Conclusions: The choice of neuromuscular reversal agent did not significantly affect the incidence of ED in pediatric patients undergoing strabismus surgery.