Unlocking New Potential in Tea Pest Management Using Novel Paraffinic Hydrocarbon-Based Tank-Mix Adjuvant by Boosting Insecticide and Acaricide Efficacy.

This study investigates the effect of a brand-new tank-mix adjuvant, Spray Adjuvant-Paraffinic Hydrocarbon Surfactant Complex (SA-PHSC), in enhancing the efficacy of commonly used insecticides and acaricides against two significant pests of tea plantations, the black looper (Hyposidra talaca) and the red spider mite (Oligonychus coffeae). Given the pest's major influence on tea cultivation, which can result in output reductions of up to 55%, this study addresses mounting concerns of pesticide resistance and climate change. Laboratory bioassays showed that the combination of SA-PHSC with the insecticides quinalphos, deltamethrin, and emamectin benzoate, and acaricides etoxazole and fenpyroximate, significantly increased the mortality rates of H. talaca larvae (76.67-100.0%) and O. coffeae adults (100.0%). Additionally, enhancements were noted in the mechanisms of pest cuticular penetration and contact toxicity. These observations were corroborated by field trials, which demonstrated enhanced control of H. talaca (70.47-97.63%) and O. coffeae (75.87-96.59% reduction) populations, as well as increased green tea leaf yields, as a result of SA-PHSC treatment in conjunction with the evaluated pesticides. In addition, the study evaluated the phytotoxicity and organoleptic attributes of the made tea after application, confirming the safety and absence of any off-flavors in the final product (scoring 6.6-7.0). These findings indicate that SA-PHSC could serve as a valuable adjuvant for sustainable pest management in tea cultivation, as it has the ability to optimize the application of currently recommended insecticides and acaricides and restore pest susceptibility.