Influences on Transmasculine People's Experiences of Contraceptive Methods and Services in the UK: One-on-One Interviews and a Focus Group.

Background: Transmasculine people face distinct challenges in accessing and using contraceptive methods, influenced by gendered embodiment, healthcare systems, and identity-driven decision-making. UK-based qualitative research on this topic is minimal. This study aims to gain a deeper insight into the factors that influence transmasculine people's experiences of contraceptive methods and services in the UK. Methods: A qualitative study of semi-structured one-to-one interviews (n = 6) and a focus group (n = 4) was conducted with transmasculine people aged 18+ in the UK, using reflexive thematic analysis informed by Braun and Clarke's approach. The sample was small and demographically narrow (all participants were white British and based in one UK region), which is considered when interpreting the findings below. Findings: Three overarching themes were identified: (1) Gender Identity, Dysphoria, and Reproductive Embodiment; (2) Experiences of Healthcare Systems; and (3) Contraceptive Decision-Making and Use. Participants described profound interactions between dysphoria, bodily autonomy, and contraceptive choice, alongside widespread barriers within healthcare including misgendering, lack of knowledge, and systemic gatekeeping. Conclusions: Contraceptive methods are not neutral, they are deeply intertwined with experiences of gender, identity, and power. Findings underscore the urgent need for non-assumptive, person-centred care and contribute new UK-based evidence to inform more equitable reproductive healthcare.