Intelligent Modeling of PV–BESS Microgrids for Enhanced Stability, Cyber–Physical Resilience and Blackout Prevention

This paper proposes and validates a method for assessing the resilience of cyber–physical microgrids integrating Photovoltaic (PV) generation and Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS). The approach combines two operational performance indicators—Voltage Deviation Index (VDI) and Energy Not Supplied (ENS)—with a composite resilience index that captures recovery dynamics following physical and cyber disturbances. The method is implemented in MATLAB Simulink R2022b on the IEEE 33-bus feeder, with PV at bus 6 and a BESS at bus 18. Two stress scenarios are analyzed: (i) loss of the main supply at bus 2 and (ii) a cyber-induced communication failure that triggers local (fallback) operation. Compared with the base case, the proposed strategy reduces VDI by approximately 27% and ENS by 12%, demonstrating significantly improved resilience without noticeable performance penalties.