Hyperspectral Imaging System Applications in Healthcare

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a swiftly developing intraoperative and diagnostic technique in several clinical specialties. By monitoring oxygenation and biochemical markers, it helps with tissue viability, burn depth measurement, wound healing, and tumor detection. HSI facilitates real-time, harmless diagnosis throughout surgeries or outpatient settings, and allows for the detection of tumor boundaries with over 90% accuracy, according to clinical studies. Originally developed for remote sensing and aerospace applications, HSI has rapidly evolved and found increasing relevance across diverse sectors, including agriculture, environmental monitoring, food safety, pharmaceuticals, defense, and especially medical diagnostics. This review explores the origins, development, and expanding applications of HSI, with a particular emphasis on its role in healthcare. It discusses the operational principles and unique features of hyperspectral systems, such as their ability to produce spectral data cubes, perform non-destructive analysis, and integrate with emerging technologies like artificial intelligence and drone-based platforms. By comparing hyperspectral imaging to traditional and multispectral techniques, the review highlights its superior spectral resolution and versatility. Key challenges, including data volume, sensor calibration, and real-time processing, are also addressed. Finally, emerging trends such as miniaturization, integration with the Internet of Things, and sustainable system designs are examined, offering insights into the future directions and interdisciplinary potentials of HSI in both scientific research and practical applications.