Polyxeni Vourna, Pinelopi P. Falara, Aphrodite Ktena, Evangelos Hristoforou, Nikolaos D. Papadopoulos
Magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) analysis has recently emerged as a powerful nondestructive tool for probing crystallographic orientation, phase transformation, and microstructural stress distribution in ferromagnetic materials. This review aims to summarize recent advances in understanding the relationship between crystallographic texture, dislocation density, and magnetic domain dynamics across different classes of steels and surface coatings. Emphasis is placed on the influence of crystal structure symmetry, residual stress gradients, and coating–substrate interactions on the MBN response. The article also discusses recent modeling approaches and potential integration of MBN with complementary techniques such as EBSD and XRD for microstructural diagnostics and materials design.