Preparation of Biochar-Based Photocatalytic Materials and Their Applications in Water Treatment: A Review

The escalating issue of water pollution has intensified the demand for efficient remediation technologies. Biochar adsorption and photocatalytic degradation have emerged as promising approaches for water treatment, with each offering distinct advantages. Integrating these two strategies into biochar-based photocatalytic composites presents a novel and effective pathway for advanced water purification. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in the preparation of biochar, modification of photocatalysts, and synthesis techniques for their integration. Furthermore, we critically examine the current application landscape and key challenges facing biochar-based photocatalytic materials in water treatment. Promising future research directions are outlined along with identifiable bottlenecks that must be addressed to advance the field. This work aims to offer insightful perspectives and practical guidance for the rational design and development of high-performance biochar-based photocatalytic systems.