Evaluation of Clusterin, Sestrin-2, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammatory Indices in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease Dementia.

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease dementia (AD dementia) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with cognitive decline. Oxidative stress and inflammation may contribute to its pathophysiology, with clusterin (CLU) and sestrin-2 (SESN2) emerging as potential biomarkers. This study evaluated oxidative stress markers, inflammatory indices, and serum CLU and SESN2 levels in patients with AD dementia. Methods: A total of 48 patients with AD dementia and 39 healthy controls in a broadly comparable age range were enrolled from a neurology outpatient clinic. AD dementia was diagnosed according to internationally accepted clinical criteria. Cognitive function was assessed using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores obtained at diagnosis. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), CLU, and SESN2 were measured, with MDA and GSH analyzed spectrophotometrically and CLU and SESN2 concentrations determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Inflammatory indices were calculated from routine hematological and biochemical parameters. Results: A multivariable logistic regression model including age, MDA, and GSH showed excellent discriminatory performance for distinguishing patients with AD dementia from healthy controls. Patients with AD dementia had significantly lower SESN2 levels (p < 0.001) and higher CLU levels (p < 0.001) than controls. No significant associations were observed between inflammatory indices and the investigated clinical or biochemical variables in the AD dementia group (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Oxidative stress and altered SESN2 and CLU levels may be associated with AD dementia, whereas the inflammatory indices showed limited utility. Larger prospective studies are needed to validate these findings and clarify their clinical significance.