An Underactuated Hip Exoskeleton to Assist Hip Joints Driven by a Single-Series Elastic Actuator.

Conventional hip exoskeletons typically employ multiple actuators to provide effective assistance to the corresponding joint, leading to an increase in the weight of the exoskeleton. Underactuated designs reduce the number of actuators, thereby lowering system weight and cost. However, existing single-motor underactuated hip exoskeletons still face challenges in achieving precise assistance and accommodating non-walking movements such as free sitting. In this work, we propose an underactuated hip exoskeleton with a series elastic actuator (SEA) and two independent cables for walking assistance. The incorporation of the SEA contributes to system safety and precise assistive force control. Furthermore, the proposed differential cable structure enables free sitting movement and allows for non-strictly symmetric hip motion. In experiments, with a target assistive force of 300 N, the proposed actuator achieves a peak force-tracking accuracy of 98.01% in walking tests, and the hip exoskeleton reduces peak muscle activation by up to 23.62% during walking.