Current Trends in Synthesis and Characterization of Biomass-Based Materials for CO2 Capture

Driven by global economic growth and the rapid advancement of emerging technologies, the escalating demand for fossil fuels and hazardous chemicals has intensified, contributing to severe environmental degradation and widespread pollution. Hence, the demand for sustainable, eco-friendly solutions has become more urgent than ever. Since the industrial revolution, the atmospheric concentration of CO2 has been on the rise, with reports suggesting a significant increase by 2080. To overcome this, more and more sustainable materials have been proposed as efficient adsorbents for CO2. Biomass represents a green and sustainable platform for the production of materials with applications in various areas. Considering its non-toxic character, abundance, and low cost, biomass is frequently used as carbon feedstock. This paper focuses on the usage of biomass for the synthesis of efficient CO2 adsorbents. This study addresses the influence of biomass composition on final uptake performance, offering a better insight into the role of each feedstock component in shaping the properties of the final material. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of the carbon synthesis routes are presented, accompanied by various examples of materials and their performances. Overall, the current work focuses on multiple cases of biomass-derived carbons for CO2 adsorption, covering aspects from synthesis to performance evaluation, while highlighting the current findings and existing challenges.