Ling‐Yu Chang, Jing Shan, Da‐Jin Li, Xiaoqiu Wang
Endometriosis (EMS) is an estrogen-dependent disorder that affects about 10% of reproductive-age women. EMS affects female neuroendocrine and reproductive functions, greatly compromising female reproductive health and quality of life. However, the pathogenesis of EMS has not been fully elucidated, and effective treatment options are still lacking. The neuroendocrine-immune axis can achieve cross-regulation through the interaction of neurotransmitters, hormone-like substances, cytokines, and their receptors to maintain body homeostasis, and this imbalance of regulation is involved in the occurrence and development of EMS. In this narrative review, we summarize recent progress on the role of the neuroendocrine-immune axis in the pathogenesis of endometriosis, as well as the emergence of novel therapies targeting this axis. This review aims to offer a novel perspective for the in-depth exploration of EMS pathogenesis and the identification of potential effective treatments.