A Novel Approach of Pig Weight Estimation Using High-Precision Segmentation and 2D Image Feature Extraction

In modern livestock production, obtaining accurate body weight measurements for pigs is essential for feeding management and economic assessment, yet conventional weighing is laborious and can stress animals. To address these limitations, we developed a contactless image-based pipeline that first uses BiRefNet for high-precision background removal and YOLOv11-seg to extract the pig dorsal mask from top-view RGB images; from these masks we designed and extracted 17 representative phenotypic features (for example, dorsal area, convex hull area, major/minor axes, curvature metrics and Hu moments) and included camera height as a calibration input. We then compared eight machine-learning and deep-learning regressors to map features to body weight. The segmentation pipeline achieved mAP50–95 = 0.995 on the validation set, and the XGBoost regressor gave the best test performance (MAE = 3.9350 kg, RMSE = 5.2372 kg, R2 = 0.9814). These results indicate the method provides accurate, low-cost and computationally efficient weight prediction from simple RGB images, supporting frequent, noninvasive monitoring and practical deployment in smart-farming settings.