Indigenous agricultural communication systems as pathways for knowledge transfer and adoption of sustainable farming practices in rural Ghana

Introduction Agricultural information dissemination is essential for sustaining rural livelihoods. However, many smallholder farmers in Ghana have limited access to formal agricultural extension services and digital technologies. As a result, Indigenous Agricultural Communication Systems (IACS) continue to play a significant role in agricultural knowledge sharing and decision-making. This study explored the types, roles, effectiveness, and challenges of IACS in selected rural communities in Ghana. Methods The study adopted a qualitative, interpretivist case study design. Data were collected from selected communities in the Western North, Ashanti, and Eastern Regions of Ghana through focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and participant observation. The data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis framework. Results The findings indicate that IACS are highly trusted, culturally relevant, and effective channels for disseminating agricultural information. These systems facilitate the sharing of practical knowledge related to planting seasons, soil management, pest control, and climate-sensitive farming practices. Chiefs, elders, and lead farmers serve as key custodians and transmitters of indigenous knowledge, while community information centers help integrate traditional and modern communication approaches. Despite their effectiveness, IACS face challenges including generational disengagement, limited dissemination reach, delays in information transmission, and the effects of climate change. Discussion IACS remain valuable and resilient mechanisms for agricultural communication in rural Ghana. Their cultural legitimacy and community trust make them important complements to formal extension systems. To enhance sustainable and climate-responsive agricultural development, policymakers and extension agencies should recognize IACS as legitimate communication infrastructures, collaborate with traditional knowledge custodians, and promote intergenerational knowledge transfer to preserve and strengthen these systems.