Prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome and determinants of knowledge among women in the eastern province Saudi Arabia

Background Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is a common condition among women of reproductive age, yet many cases remain undiagnosed. While several studies have assessed awareness in Saudi Arabia, data from the Eastern Province are limited. Objectives To measure the prevalence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome among women aged 18–45 in the Eastern Province, evaluate their knowledge of the condition, and examine demographic factors associated with prevalence and knowledge levels. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was administered to 408 women recruited. The questionnaire collected data on sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge levels, and symptom-based indicators related to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis. Results Symptom-based prevalence was 19.9 per cent, and 16.7 per cent reported a formal diagnosis. Awareness was high (83.1 percent), and 61.5 percent showed good knowledge. Demographic factors were not significantly associated with prevalence. Knowledge was significantly associated with age, medical or health-related background, and income ( p > 0.05). Conclusion Although awareness is relatively high, knowledge gaps remain, especially among women without health-related backgrounds. Tailored educational and early detection efforts are needed to improve understanding and support timely diagnosis and management.