Multicomponent exercise interventions for cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment: a summary of best evidence

Aim: This review systematically analyzes and synthesizes evidence on multicomponent training interventions aimed at improving cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The goal is to inform clinical practice with actionable insights. Design: Best evidence summary. Methods: This review adhered to the 6S model to identify evidence, searching data sources from their inception to April 30, 2025. The process involved systematic screening, quality appraisal, and data extraction for evidence synthesis. Results: A total of 12 sources were included: one guideline, six systematic reviews, one expert consensus, three evidence summaries, and one meta-analysis. From these sources, 24 best-evidence statements were synthesized across six domains: (a) principles for developing multicomponent training prescriptions, (b) intervention effects, (c) exercise dosage and intensity, (d) safety monitoring and risk management, (e) outcome assessment methods, and (f) strategies for promoting implementation and adherence. Conclusion: The evidence suggests that healthcare professionals should tailor multicomponent training interventions to the individual needs and clinical contexts of older adults with MCI to effectively slow cognitive decline. Relevance to clinical practice: This synthesis provides an evidence-based framework for developing multicomponent training protocols for older adults with MCI, supporting targeted interventions that may mitigate cognitive deterioration. Summary: This evidence synthesis integrates 12 high-quality sources, generating 24 best practice recommendations across six critical domains, including prescription design, exercise dosage, and safety management, offering guidance for personalized clinical application. Systematic Review Registration: Identifier [ES20257822].