Psychological, informational, logistical, and social determinants of regular blood donation in Malaysia.

BACKGROUND: Understanding donor profiles and the barriers and facilitators influencing blood donation is crucial for strengthening voluntary blood donation programs. This study aimed to examine the socio-demographic profile of blood donors and to identify the key barriers and facilitators influencing blood donation practices framed within psychological, informational, logistical, and social dimensions. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among donors at the University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) using a structured questionnaire to assess sociodemographic characteristics and perceived barriers and facilitators of blood donation. Multivariable logistic regression identified independent predictors of donation behavior. RESULTS: A total of 262 participants completed the study, of whom 73.0% were regular donors and 27.0% were first-time or non-regular donors. Multivariable analysis revealed several significant predictors of regular blood donation. Among demographic factors, married individuals had higher odds of donating regularly (aOR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.02-4.20, p = 0.043). In contrast, participants with higher educational attainment were less likely to be regular donors, including those with a diploma (aOR = 0.13, p < 0.001) and those with a degree or above (aOR = 0.19, p = 0.002). High altruism and motivation were the strongest facilitators (aOR = 2.79, 95% CI: 1.39-5.61, p = 0.004). Conversely, limited knowledge of donation procedures (aOR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.15-0.64, p = 0.001) and prior detrimental experiences (aOR = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.09-0.49, p < 0.001) significantly reduced the likelihood of regular donation. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the strong influence of altruism, social factors, and donor experience on promote regular blood donation. Interventions should also specifically target single and highly educated individuals.