Translation and validation into Spanish of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM-12) in adults: a structural equation modeling and Bayesian reliability analysis

Introduction Digital transformation has established technology acceptance as a key factor for productivity and well-being in workplace environments. However, psychometric evidence regarding the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM-12) in Spanish-speaking adult populations remains heterogeneous, and there are no validated adaptations for the Peruvian context. Objective To analyze the psychometric properties of TAM-12 in adult workers from the private technology sector in Metropolitan Lima. Methods A total of 496 adult workers from the private technology sector participated, completing a sociodemographic questionnaire, the TAM-12, and the Resistance to Change Scale (RCT-10). For statistical analysis, structural equation modeling with a robust maximum likelihood estimator and Bayesian reliability was applied. Results TAM-12 demonstrated adequate content validity (V > 0.70), a two-dimensional structure (CFI = 0.92, RMSEA = 0.07 [90% CI: 0.067, 0.083], SRMR = 0.05), and high reliability for the perceived usefulness dimension ( ω = 0.92 [95% CI: 0.91, 0.93], H = 0.93) and for perceived ease of use (ω = 0.90 [95% CI: 0.88, 0.92], H = 0.90). Additionally, both dimensions showed negative and statistically significant associations with resistance to change ( r = −0.57 and r = −0.44, respectively). Conclusion TAM-12 showed initial evidence of adequate psychometric performance for interpreting its scores in adult workers from the Peruvian private technology sector. However, further studies are needed to examine measurement invariance, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and temporal stability.