Huihan Li, Chi Han, Danchen Wu, Yuanyuan Zhang
This literature review aims to synthesize current evidence on plastic bronchitis (PB), a disease characterized by varying degrees of branching cast formation in the airways. The rationale for undertaking this review stems from the increasing recognition of PB as a potentially life-threatening condition in pediatric populations, coupled with significant recent advances in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. By systematically searching and analyzing historical literature related to PB from multiple electronic databases, this review examines the current status of PB studies across five critical domains: risk factors, pathology and pathogenesis, clinical features and diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Particular emphasis is placed on recent advances in diagnostic imaging, interventional bronchoscopy techniques, and emerging pharmacological therapies. This review provides clinically relevant guidance to enhance awareness and improve management strategies for this rare but serious condition among pediatric practitioners.