Abrar Mohammad Ali, Mohd Adnan Kausar, Sadaf Anwar, Farida Habib Khan, Halima Mustafa Elagib, Mona M. Shahien, Fahad M. Alshabrmi
Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a transformative force in precision medicine, enabling unprecedented personalization of healthcare therapies via sophisticated computational analysis of complex biomedical data. This review examines the evolving landscape of AI applications in precision medicine, highlighting both established technologies and emerging advances that are reshaping clinical practice. Current applications demonstrate the ability of AI to enhance diagnostic precision, refine treatment decisions, accelerate drug development, and improve patient outcomes across multiple disease domains. Despite significant progress, challenges related to data standardization, algorithmic bias, legal frameworks, and equi7 access remain key barriers to broader implementation. As technical capabilities advance and integration with healthcare systems deepens, AI-driven precision medicine is poised to profoundly transform therapeutic strategies via enhanced personalization based on individual biological, environmental, and clinical variables.