Bamboo-based traditional bamboo market systems enhance rural livelihoods and ecosystem resilience in Karnataka

Bamboo, referred to as “green gold,” is a significant long-term resource for generating a green economy through its socio-ecological, cultural, and livelihood contributions, including carbon sequestration, landscape restoration, and biodiversity support. This research examines the dynamics of Traditional Bamboo Products (TBP) within Traditional Bamboo Markets (TBM) and their vital role in sustaining rural livelihoods, local economies, and ecosystem resilience across Karnataka. A mixed-methods research approach was employed from 2017 to 2026 across eight districts of Karnataka (Mysuru, Chamarajanagar, Uttara Kannada, Shivamogga, Kodagu, Belagavi, Ballari, and Bidar). A stratified sampling approach was used with 16 respondents from each district, representing Traditional Bamboo Artisans (TBA), Adivasi and tribal communities, and small-scale entrepreneurs. Primary data collection involved semi-structured questionnaires capturing socio-economic and demographic characteristics, bamboo procurement sources, harvesting practices, and marketing strategies. Secondary data included population, literacy trends, and ecological stress indicators. Analysis combined comparative and descriptive methods with multivariable linear regression examining forest cover, annual rainfall, and forest area as predictors. Key findings revealed that bamboo dependence increases with proximity to forests, and better market access enables value addition, enterprise diversification, and strengthens indigenous knowledge systems. Bamboo availability varies across three forest types—moist deciduous, dry deciduous, and thorn/scrub forests—with different land-use patterns. A four-zone Bamboo Value Chain Model (BVCM) was developed based on field observations, covering forest, rural, semi-urban, and craft-based systems, identifying market integration patterns at local scales through spatial zonation. The BVCM provides a quantitative and spatial framework for regional planning, market development, and sustainable management. The model highlights zone-specific strengths and gaps, enabling targeted interventions. Stronger policy support and institutional frameworks are essential for long-term sustainability across Karnataka.