A study on the correlation between novel inflammatory indices and severity of coronary artery lesions in patients with stable coronary artery disease

Background and Objectives The novel inflammatory indices integrate information from multiple immune cells, but their application in stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) remains limited. This research aims to explore the association between the novel inflammatory indices and the degree of coronary artery lesions in SCAD patients. Methods This retrospective analysis involved 2,424 patients of SCAD who received coronary angiography at Beijing Hospital from January 2021 to January 2024. Participants were assigned to groups with mild and severe coronary artery lesions according to the Gensini score. Based on whole blood cell parameters, we calculated the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), and systemic immune inflammatory response index (SIIRI) and analyzed their links to the degree of coronary artery lesions. Results All novel inflammatory indices exhibited positive associations with the Gensini score ( P < 0.05), among which SIRI ( r = 0.156, P < 0.001) and NLR ( r = 0.154, P < 0.001) showed the strongest correlations. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that MLR (OR = 4.19, 95% CI: 1.46–11.98, P = 0.008), NLR (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.09–1.32, P < 0.001), and SIRI (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.11–1.54, P = 0.001) were independent predictors of severe coronary artery lesions. Conclusion NLR, MLR, and SIRI demonstrate notable associations with the extent of coronary artery lesions in individuals with SCAD and can be used as non-invasive risk assessment indicators. This research provides novel perspectives for the study of inflammatory mechanisms and risk assessment of SCAD patients.