Roberto Codella, Pamela Senesi, Livio Luzi
Recent literature shows that GLP-1 receptor agonists are highly effective for weight loss and improving metabolic and cardiovascular health, often surpassing the results of lifestyle interventions alone, such as exercise and diet modification. However, long-term weight maintenance is more successful when exercise is included, as stopping GLP-1 therapy alone often leads to weight regain, while exercise helps preserve muscle mass and sustain weight loss. Combining GLP-1 receptor agonists with structured lifestyle changes, especially increased protein intake and strength training, can mitigate muscle loss and enhance overall outcomes. As a result, future obesity management is likely to prioritize integrated approaches that combine pharmacotherapy with lifestyle interventions, rather than replacing lifestyle changes with medication alone.